Asthma

What is asthma?

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways in which the airways narrow, swell and produce extra mucus, causing coughing, shortness of breath, wheezing and a feeling of tightness in the chest. It can be triggered by external allergens, irritants, viral infections or genetic factors. Although it cannot be cured, it can be well controlled with medication and lifestyle changes.

What causes the disease?

Asthma has been linked to environmental factors such as urban air pollution and smoking. Genetic factors also play a role: people with a family history of asthma are more likely to develop it themselves.

What treatments are available?

Asthma is treated with maintenance (controller) therapies and reliever therapies. Controller therapies aim for long-term reduction of inflammation and freedom from symptoms, and usually contain inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting bronchodilators, while relievers widen the airways and quickly ease acute breathlessness. In severe cases, biological therapies such as injections may also be considered.